Citation verification · Courts of Australia

True·Cite

Statement of method

What TrueCite does, from which sources, without any AI, and where the judgment is left to the practitioner. Written so that a partner, an insurer or a judge can check it.

What the courts require

Australian courts have set out what they expect of practitioners who use generative AI in preparing documents. The Federal Court of Australia's Practice Note GPN-AI (16 April 2026) requires that citations produced with AI assistance be verified against a primary source, and not by means of another AI tool. The Supreme Court of New South Wales requires that the verification of citations, authorities and references "must not be solely carried out by using a Gen AI tool or program" (SC Gen 23), and the District Court, the Local Court and the Land and Environment Court follow it. The Supreme Court of Victoria's SC GEN 25 states that one AI tool cannot be used to confirm content generated by another. The Queensland courts require a named practitioner to "verify the accuracy and relevance of any references to legislation, authorities or other sources". Western Australia and South Australia have issued guidelines to similar effect. The table lists each instrument in force on 6 September 2026, and the courts that have not yet issued one. Practitioners remain responsible for every authority they put before a court.

Court or tribunal Instrument Date
Commonwealth
Federal Court of AustraliaPractice Note GPN-AI, Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence16 April 2026
Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia, Divisions 1 and 2Practice Direction PD-AI, Use of Artificial IntelligenceIssued 29 May 2026
Administrative Review TribunalAdministrative Review Tribunal (Generative AI) Practice Direction 2026Signed 20 August 2026
New South Wales
Supreme CourtPractice Note SC Gen 23, Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI)Issued 28 January 2025, commenced 3 February 2025
Land and Environment CourtPractice Note, Use of Generative Artificial IntelligenceCommenced 12 February 2025
District CourtGeneral Practice Note 2, Generative AI Practice Note, adopting SC Gen 23Commenced 3 February 2025
Local CourtPractice Note, Generative Artificial Intelligence, adopting SC Gen 23Issued 12 December 2025, commenced 12 January 2026
Civil and Administrative TribunalProcedural Direction 7, Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI)Commenced 7 April 2025
Personal Injury CommissionProcedural Direction PIC13, Use of Generative Artificial IntelligenceCommenced 1 January 2026
Victoria
Supreme CourtPractice Note SC GEN 25, The use of Artificial Intelligence by Court users, replacing the Guidelines for litigants of May 202414 May 2026
County CourtPractice Note PNCCV 1-2026, the use of artificial intelligence by court users2026
Queensland
Supreme CourtPractice Direction 5 of 2025, Accuracy of References in Submissions24 September 2025
District CourtPractice Direction 12 of 2025, Accuracy of References in Submissions25 September 2025
Planning and Environment CourtPractice Direction 7 of 2025, Accuracy of References in Submissions2025
Land CourtPractice Direction 4 of 2025, Accuracy of References in SubmissionsCommenced 29 September 2025
Civil and Administrative TribunalPractice Direction 10 of 2025, Accuracy of References in Submissions17 October 2025
Western Australia
Supreme CourtGuidelines for the use of generative AI2025
South Australia
Supreme Court, District Court, Magistrates Court, Youth Court, Environment, Resources and Development Court and Court of Disputed ReturnsGuidelines concerning the use of Generative artificial intelligence in litigation in South Australian CourtsFrom 1 January 2026
No instrument located as at 6 September 2026
High Court of Australia; Supreme Courts of Tasmania, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital TerritoryNone located on the court's published practice directionsChecked 6 September 2026

Checked on 6 September 2026 and reviewed each quarter. Where this table and a court's own page differ, the court's page prevails. Corrections to info@truecite.com.au.

How each requirement is met, and what the certificate records

Requirement What TrueCite does What the certificate records
Verify each authority against the primary source The citation, the quoted passage and the paragraph pinpoint are compared against the text of the judgment itself, retrieved from the jurisdiction's register where its terms permit, or supplied by the practitioner. For each citation: exists, citation matches, quotation verbatim, pinpoint matches, status; the register or the words "source supplied by the practitioner"; date and time.
Not by means of another AI tool No model is used at any step. Citations are located by grammar, judgments are compared by exact matching after whitespace and punctuation are normalised, and the verdict is produced by code. The line "Deterministic · model calls: 0".
The practitioner remains responsible Anything the method cannot decide is listed, never passed silently, and the certificate says so in words. The section "left for the practitioner", and the boundary statement printed on every certificate.
Accuracy of quotations and pinpoints A quotation passes only if it appears verbatim in the judgment; a pinpoint passes only if the quoted passage sits within that numbered paragraph. Near matches fail. Quotation and pinpoint results per citation.
A record that can be examined later Every certificate is hashed and appended to a hash-chained ledger that stores citations and results, never the document. The certificate hash, the ledger sequence number and a recompute address.

No AI at any step, and how anyone can check

This is not an assurance; it is a property of the code. Three things make it checkable. First, the software contains no interface to any language model, and its test suite asserts that a full run makes no outbound network request at all. Second, every certificate prints the line "model calls: 0", which is written by the same code that performs the checks. Third, the certificate format is open: a court, an opponent or an insurer can rerun the comparison and obtain the same page.

As at 6 September 2026 the release checks stand at 119 automated tests, 0 failures, 0 outbound requests.

Where the judgment text comes from

A verification is only as good as its source. TrueCite's policy on sources is public and conservative.

What TrueCite does not do

The standing test deck

Authorities that Australian courts have already found to be fabricated, including those recorded in Dayal [2024] FedCFamC2F 1166, Valu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (No 2) [2025] FedCFamC2G 95, Murray on behalf of the Wamba Wemba Native Title Claim Group v State of Victoria [2025] FCA 731 and JNE24 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2025] FedCFamC2G 1314, form a standing test deck. Each must come up red before a release ships. Results are published with their hashes.

Patent and contact

The verification method is the subject of Australian provisional patent application no. 2026907583, filed 6 September 2026. The certificate format itself is open so that anyone can recompute a certificate without a licence.

TrueCite · ABN 37 688 027 367 · Sydney · info@truecite.com.au